Medical Uses and Research
- Nicotine is used to treat nicotine dependence and help people quit smoking.
- Controlled levels of nicotine are given through gums, patches, lozenges, inhalers, or nasal sprays.
- Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) increases the chances of successfully quitting smoking by 50-60%.
- Combining nicotine patch use with faster-acting NRTs improves treatment success.
- Nicotine is being researched for potential benefits in treating Parkinson's disease, dementia, ADHD, depression, and sarcoma.
Pesticide
- Nicotine has been used as an insecticide since the 1960s.
- Nicotine pesticides have been banned in the EU since 2009.
- Neonicotinoids, derived from nicotine, are widely used as agricultural and veterinary pesticides.
- Homemade nicotine pesticides are banned on organic crops.
- Imported foods must not exceed maximum nicotine levels.
Performance Enhancement
- Nicotine can enhance cognitive performance.
- It has positive effects on fine motor abilities, attention, memory, and alertness.
- Stimulation of the α4β2 nicotinic receptor is responsible for these improvements.
- Nicotine has potential beneficial effects but also paradoxical effects.
- The dose-response curve and pharmacokinetics may explain these effects.
Recreational Use
- Nicotine is a widely used and highly addictive recreational drug.
- Dependence can develop within days of use.
- Nicotine is used compulsively for its mood-altering effects.
- Recreational nicotine products include cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, snuff, and nicotine pouches.
- Nicotine-infused alcohol is called nicotini.
Contraindications and Adverse Effects
- Nicotine use for tobacco cessation has few contraindications.
- Nicotine replacement therapy is not recommended for adolescents.
- Nicotine is not safe to use during pregnancy or breastfeeding, although it is safer than smoking.
- Nicotine products may be contraindicated during cancer treatment due to potential tumor growth promotion.
- Temporary use of NRTs to quit smoking may be advised for harm reduction in cancer patients.
- Common adverse events related to nicotine replacement therapy include headache, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, gastro-intestinal symptoms, and sleep/dream problems.
- Palpitations and chest pain are rare and not associated with an increased risk of serious cardiac problems.
- Serious adverse events from nicotine replacement therapy are extremely rare.
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Nicotine Data Sources
| Reference | URL |
|---|---|
| Glossary | https://www.alternix.com/blogs/glossary-of-terms/nicotine |
| Wikipedia | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine |
| Wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552 |
| Knowledge Graph | https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/09jrx |
