Relapse

By: Alternix

Risk factors for relapse

Dopamine D2 receptor availability and its association with vulnerability to the reinforcing effects of cocaine
Changes in D2 receptor availability as a result of cocaine use
Influence of social hierarchy on vulnerability to substance use

Factors such as pharmacokinetics, dose, and neurochemistry of the drug influencing drug taking and relapse
Three main triggers for drug relapse: stress, re-exposure to the drug, and environmental cues
Stress-induced craving and drug-seeking behavior during abstinence
Drug-priming and cues associated with the drug triggering craving and reinstatement

Three main approaches: pharmacotherapy, cognitive behavioral techniques, and contingency management
Goals of treatment: identifying needs previously met by drug use and developing alternative ways to meet those needs
Pharmacotherapy targeting neurotransmitter receptors and changes in the medial prefrontal cortex
Cognitive behavioral techniques incorporating conditioning, coping mechanisms, and relapse prevention
Contingency management using rewards or punishments based on abstinence

Differences between sexes in relapse rates, periods of abstinence, and responsiveness to drug-related cues
Role of ovarian hormones in drug-primed relapse in females and their impact on withdrawal and craving
Influence of cyclic, hormone-based timing on quitting an addictive substance and susceptibility to relapse

Protocols including self-administration, extinction, reinstatement, and neuroimaging techniques
Limitations of relapse protocols as a model of craving and relapse in humans
Moderate face validity but little face validity as a model of craving
Importance of further research to determine predictive validity and functional equivalence

Reference	URL
Glossary	https://www.alternix.com/blogs/glossary-of-terms/relapse
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relapse
Wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2292472
Knowledge Graph	https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/05lm0m